School Protective Factors
School encourages and rewards academic success and intellectual curiosity.
School promotes participation in curricular and extracurricular activities and responsibility.
Student feels a sense of belonging when dealing with adults.
Student is able to bond with school in a socially valued manner.
Student engages in pro-social interaction with school peers.
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Family Protective Factors   
Adequate family income
Structured and nurturing family
Parents promote learning
Few stressful life events
Stable and cohesive family with little marital conflict
Multi-generational kinship network
Warm personal relationship with parent(s) and other adults
Sibling as caretaker/confidant
Family has clear behavior guidelines and high expectations
Much positive attention during first year of life
A sense of what is acceptable within the family structure
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Individual and Peer Protective Factors
Positive outlook
Pro-social attitudes and activities
Adaptability and flexibility
Affectionate/endearing
Easy temperament
Autonomous
Self-efficacy
Self-discipline
Internal locus of control
Socially adept
Tolerance of people and situations

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Community Protective Factors
Low unemployment
Pleasant, organized neighborhood
Stability of residents
Low prevalence of neighborhood crime
Community laws and norms discouraging alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs use
Access to high quality health and social services
Positive, supportive inter-generational network with non-kin and other adults in the community
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