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Attributes or environmental characteristics that have been shown to be
statistically associated with an increased risk for alcohol, tobacco, and drug
use.
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School Risk Factors
Early anti-social behavior
Rebelliousness
Lack of academic success beginning in elementary school
Low commitment to school
Lack of clear discipline policies, uneven enforcement
Focus on petty infractions
Draconian methods
Misplaced school priorities
School staff that do not reflect the student body
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Family Risk Factors
Family history of problem behavior
Alcoholism
Family management problems
Parental drug use and/or positive attitudes toward drug use
Parental abuse and/or neglect of children
High levels of family stress and/or conflict
Parents with little education and/or little regard for education
History of family instability or violence
Single parent family without family or other support
Frequent family moves and/or transitions
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Individual and Peer Risk Factors
Early use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs
Alienation and rebelliousness, delinquency, and/or violent acts
Antisocial behavior in early years
Friends who use alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs
Favorable attitudes toward alcohol, tobacco, and
other drug use
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| Community Risk Factors
Availability of alcohol, tobacco, and
other drug
Availability of firearms
Community laws and norms that are favorable toward drug use, firearms, and
crime
Portrayal of violence in the media
Transitions and mobility
Low neighborhood attachment and community disorganization
Extreme economic deprivation
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